Compression evaluation of surgery video recordings retaining diagnostic credibility (compression evaluation of surgery video)

Wider dissemination of medical digital video libraries is affected by two correlated factors, resource effective content compression that directly influences its diagnostic credibility. It has been proved that it is possible to meet these contradictory requirements halfway for long-lasting and low motion surgery recordings at compression ratios close to 100 (bronchoscopic procedures were a case study investigated). As the main supporting assumption, it has been accepted that the content can be compressed as far as clinicians are not able to sense a loss of video diagnostic fidelity (a visually lossless compression). Different market codecs were inspected by means of the combined subjective and objective tests toward their usability in medical video libraries. Subjective tests involved a panel of clinicians who had to classify compressed bronchoscopic video content according to its quality under the bubble sort algorithm. For objective tests, two metrics (hybrid vector measure and hosaka Plots) were calculated frame by frame and averaged over a whole sequence.     

General theory of information transfer: Updated

We report on ideas, problems and results, which occupied us during the past decade and which seem to extend the frontiers of information theory in several directions. The main contributions concern information transfer by channels. There are also new questions and some answers in new models of source coding. While many of our investigations are in an explorative state, there are also hard cores of mathematical theories. In particular we present a unified theory of information transfer, which naturally incorporates Shannon's theory of information transmission and the theory of identification in the presence of noise as extremal cases. It provides several novel coding theorems. On the source coding side we introduce data compression for identification. Finally we are led beyond information theory to new concepts of solutions for probabilistic algorithms.

The original paper [R. Ahlswede, General theory of information transfer, Preprint 97-118, SFB 343 Diskrete Strukturen in der Mathematik, Universität Bielefeld, 1997] gave to and received from the ZIF-project essential stimulations which resulted in contributions added as GTIT-Supplements “Search and channels with feedback” and “Noiseless coding for multiple purposes: a combinatorial model”.

Other contributions—also to areas initiated—are published in the recent book [R. Ahlswede et al. (Eds.), General Theory of Information Transfer and Combinatorics, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4123, Springer, Berlin, 2006].

The readers are advised to study always the pioneering papers in a field—in this case the papers [R. Ahlswede, G. Dueck, Identification via channels, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 35 (1989) 15–29; R. Ahlswede, G. Dueck, Identification in the presence of feedback—a discovery of new capacity formulas, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 35 (1989) 30–39] on identification. It is not only the most rewarding way to come to new ideas, but it also helps to more quickly grasp the more advanced formalisms without going through too many technicalities. Perhaps also the recent Shannon Lecture [R. Ahlswede, Towards a General Theory of Information Transfer, Shannon Lecture at ISIT in Seattle 13th July 2006, IEEE Information Theory Society Newsletter, 2007], aiming at an even wider scope, gives further impetus.     

Compression elastic modulus of neutral,ionic, and amphoteric hydrogels based on N‐vinylimidazole

Several hydrogels of N‐vinylimidazole and sodium styrenesulfonate have been prepared by radical cross‐linking copolymerization in aqueous solution, using N,N′‐methylene‐bisacrylamide as crosslinker. Depending on composition, these hydrogels were neutral, amphoteric, cationic or anionic. Compression‐strain measurements were performed on samples as‐synthesized and swollen in deionized water or in acid aqueous solutions, with and without salt. It was thus found that the cross‐linking densities determined by compression measurements on as‐synthesized samples are in good accordance with those calculated by means of the model of polymer networks with pendant vinyl groups. A non‐Gaussian parameter (β) was introduced to explain that the elastic moduli (G) of samples swollen at equilibrium are larger than predicted by the Gaussian model. The β values of the neutral or ionized systems increase with swelling and fall into a single curve, which denotes a common behavior. Swelling has two opposite effects on G; on the one hand G decreases because the polymer volume fraction diminish and the system shifts from the affine limit to the phantom one; on the other, β increases and contributes to increasing G. The balance of those two opposite effects determines the variation of G with swelling. The possible contribution of ionic crosslinks to ν_e for the polyampholyte and for the polycation wearing divalent counteranions was discussed. A peculiar system is poly(sodium styrenesulfonate), whose cross‐linking density is much lower than expected. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 1078–1087, 2009     

Relationship Between Mesostructure,Mechanical Behaviour and Damage of Cement Composites Under High-Pressure Confinement

This work seeks to determine how the mesostructure of seven types of cement composites containing alumina particles or not controls their deviatoric strength, compaction law, and damage under high-pressure of confinement. First, the method of analysis of quasi-oedometric compression tests is presented. Accuracy of the method for concrete is discussed by means of numerical simulations. The confined compression tests performed show the effects of adding ceramic aggregates. Furthermore, an application of post-mortem analysis by infiltration technique of each specimen is presented, revealing a highly micro-cracked pattern depending of the mesostructure of these materials. From these observations, a discussion is presented on the influence that the addition of ceramic aggregates exerts on the confined behaviour of these composites. The tests showed a highly beneficial effect of the presence of particles, on both the deviatoric strength and the compaction law of the concretes considered.     

凸泛函型的区域压缩与拉伸不动点定理

利用赋范线性空间中的收缩核,给出了凸泛函型的区域压缩与拉伸不动点定理,推广了郭大钧定理.     

Long-term prediction of compressive creep development in expanded polystyrene

The results obtained in investigating the creep of expanded polystyrene (EPS) boards under compressive stress are presented. Power and exponential equations were used for describing creep compliance. It was found that the curves of creep compliance approximated by both equations adequately represent the research results, taking into account the scatter of the experimental data. Based on the calculation and empirical estimate of long-term creep of EPS under compressive stress σ_c=(0.25–0.45)σ_10%, its creep compliance was determined for a period of 10 years in the future. The dependence of on the density of polystyrene boards and the value of long-term compressive stress σ_c was established. The expected values of creep strain development in expanded polystyrene boards EPS 80–EPS 250 under constant compressive stress σ_c=(0.25–0.45)σ_10% are presented for the prediction period of 10 years. To obtain the expected creep values for any other period of time in the interval of 5T50 years, the values of should be multiplied by the empirical coefficient .     

断裂过程区D—B模型的叠加原理和截荷修正法

提出分析中心裂纹板剪切断裂的断裂过程区D－B模型的叠加原理，考虑了压剪断裂的摩擦阻力和体现有限权宽影响的载荷修正，以非常简便的方法推导出计算断裂过程区长度和位移的公式。     

用冲击压缩数据计算物质结合能的一个简便解析方法

 在材料性质满足：（1）可用波恩-迈耶势描述其结合能；（2）自由电子对热能的贡献可忽略不计；以及（3）冲击波速度关系式可用直线关系描述的条件下，本文导出了一个用冲击绝热线数据直接计算该材料结合能和格临爱森物态方程的简便解析公式。给出了用本文方法计算Be，Al，Cu，Ta，U等十七种金属的冷能和冷压方程的结果。将本文结果与徐锡申等和Zharkov等的数值计算结果相比较，发现在冲击压缩测量的实验误差范围内，大多数金属的符合程度是比较好的，但Be，Ni和Pb三种金属除外。本文中对上述偏差的可能原因也做了讨论。     

Probing structural integrity of single walled carbon nanotubes by dynamic and static compression

We report on a first study of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) after application of dynamic (shock) compression. The experiments were conducted at 19 GPa and 36 GPa in a recovery assembly. For comparison, an experiment at a static pressure of 36 GPa was performed on the material from the same batch in a diamond anvil cell (DAC). After the high pressure treatment the samples were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). After exposure to 19 GPa of shock compression the CNT material exhibited substantial structural damage such as CNT wall disruption, opening of the tube along its axis (“unzipping”) and tube shortening (“cutting”). Dynamic compression to 36 GPa resulted in essentially complete CNT destruction whereas at least a fraction of the nanotubes was recovered after 36 GPa of static compression though severely damaged. The results of these shock wave experiments underline the prospect of using SWCNTs as reinforcing units in material WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

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根据反向积分原理编写了流场反演程序,并开展了程序验证计算。在反演区域内,由临界面速度反演出与辐射流体力学程序MULTI计算结果几乎一致的结果;由Saturn加速器上实验测试的单个样品后自由面速度反演出了加载压强历史、多种厚度样品后自由面粒子速度历史等信息,与文献对比发现,反演结果与由加速器工作电流推出结果、WONDY程序计算结果、实验测试结果相吻合。本工作为即将开展的激光驱动准等熵压缩实验奠定了技术基础。